The majority of the scholars hold that the recital of Suratul-Fātihah
is obligatory upon the imām leading the prayer and when one prays on his own. As for the
one who is praying behind the imām, then the scholars have differed regarding that into three
viewpoints:
The first saying: The
recital of Al-Fātihah is obligatory upon everyone who prays including the imām and
the one one following him in prayer. This is due to the saying of the Messenger
(ﷺ):“There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening Sūrah
of the Book.” So this is general for everyone performing the Salāh. And the saying of the Messenger (ﷺ): “Perhaps
you recite behind your imām?” They
responded: “Yes, O Messenger of Allāh.” So he
said: “Do not do that, except for the Opening Sūrah
of the Book, for indeed there is no prayer for the one who does not recite it.” (From
‘Ubādah Ibn Sāmit, reported by Abu Dawood 824; An-Nasā’ee 919)
This is the position of Imām Ash-Shāfi’ee, and a group of the scholars of hadeeth such as Imām
al-Bukhāree and others. They held its recital to be obligatory upon the
imām leading the prayer, the one who prays behind him, and the one
who prays alone.
The second saying: The
recital is not obligatory behind the imām. That is because the
recitation of the imām suffices the one following him due to the saying of the
Prophet (ﷺ):“Whoever has an imām
[leading him in prayer] then the recitation of the imām
is his recitation [also].” (Narrated
from Jābir and reported by Ahmad 14698; Ibn Mājah
850; Al-Bayhaqee in his Sunan 2898 – and Al-Albānee
declared it to be hasan (good) in his checking of Ibn Mājah;
see Al-Irwā’, 850) However, there is some speech concerning the chain of
narration of this hadeeth. These scholars also use as a proof the saying of
Allah, the Most High, “When the Quran is recited, listen to it and
be silent that you may receive mercy.” (Al-A’rāf
7:204)
The point of evidence
here is that Allāh, the Mighty and Majestic, commanded with listening to the
recitation of the Qur’an and to remain silent. And this verse was revealed concerning
listening during the Prayer (Salāh),
meaning: When the imām is reciting then upon the one who is following him is to
remain silent and listen because the imām is reciting for himself
and for those following behind him. This is the view of Abu Hanīfah and
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.
The third saying: This is
the view of Imām Mālik, and the preferred opinion of Shaykhul-Islām Ibn
Taymiyyah and a group of scholars: that it is obligatory upon the one following
the imām to recite Al-Fātihah [to himself] in the silent prayers wherein the imām is
not reciting aloud, such as Dhuhr and ‘Asr. And as for the loud prayers, then
the recitation of the imām suffices him, and in these loud prayers it is upon the one
following the imām to remain silent and listen. These scholars say that with
this, a person gathers [and acts] upon all the proofs. So the evidences that
obligate the recital of Al-Fātihah are to be practiced in the silent prayers. The other
proofs along with the noble verse are to be practiced in the loud prayers. This
saying is the most balanced, inshā’-Allāh.
See Duroos minal-Qur’ānil-Kareem pp.
37-39.
SOME
HADEETH ON THE TOPIC AUTHENTICATED BY THE SHAIKH AND IMAM OF HADEETH, MUHAMMAD
NASIR AD-DEEN AL-ALBANEE (MAY ALLAH HAVE MERCY UPON HIM):
Ibn Mājah has
a heading: “Chapter: When the imām
recites, listen silently.” Then he
narrated the following ahādeeth:
Abu Hurairah narrated
that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: “The
imām has been appointed to be followed, so when he says Allahu
Akbar, say Allahu Akbar, when he recites, listen silently.
When he says: ‘Not the way of those who earned Your anger, nor of those who
went astray’, then say Āmeen.
When he bows, you bow. When he says, ‘Allah hears those who praise Him’,
say, ‘O Allah, our Lord, to You is the praise’. When he prostrates
with the sajdah, prostrate. And if he prays sitting, all of
you pray sitting [with him].” (Ibn Mājah
846; See Al-Irwā’ 344, Al-Mishkāt 857. Al-Albānee: hasan-saheeh)
Ibn Ukaimah said: “I
heard Abu Hurairah say: ‘The Prophet (ﷺ) led his Companions in a prayer; we think it was Fajr. The
Messenger said: “Did anyone among you recite?” A man said: “I did.” So the Messenger said: “I was saying to myself: what is wrong that someone is pulling away the
Qur’ān from me?” (Ibn Mājah 848; Saheeh Abee Dawood 781; See Al-Mishkāt 855.
Al-Albānee declared it to be saheeh)
And Abu
Hurairah mentioned a similar report, and added to it, “And after that they were quiet in the prayers in which the imām
recites aloud.” (Ibn Mājah, 849. Al-Albānee declared it to be saheeh).
Jābir
narrated that the Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Whoever
has an imām [leading him in prayer] then the recitation of the imām
is his recitation [also].” (Narrated
from Jābir and reported by Ahmad 14698; Ibn Mājah
850; Al-Bayhaqee in his Sunan 2898 – and Al-Albānee
declared it to be hasan (good) in his checking of Ibn Mājah,
and Al-Irwā’, 850)[1]
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